
Power, it is universally acknowledged, is shifting to Asia. What that really means, however, is that the continent’s biggest countries, China and India, are at last modernizing and achieving sustained economic development. All this will make the old-established powers of the West no less capable, influential, or important—but they will be a lot less dominant.
The middle of the 21st century will resemble nothing so much as the Middle Ages of the 5th to 15th centuries. This was a long and uncertain period and thus an ideal metaphor to characterize our times.
Yogi Berra, the great sage of baseball, is reported to have said, “Never make predictions—particularly about the future.” He had a point.
Europe in 2040 remains Europe—slowly integrating, never quite comfortable with its internally deepening integration, struggling to manage the tensions inherent in integrating more and more immigrants into its societies. Yet the Old World proves to be the most effective global force for spreading democratic norms and civil society throughout the world.
The year is 2040. China and the United States dominate the world landscape, forming an uneasy and not entirely stable partnership, bound together by ties of mutual benefit.
Tehran is the new Shanghai. All of Asia is awash in a sea of modernity. The march to modernity launched by Japan during the 1860s as part of the Meiji Restoration has finally crossed China, Southeast Asia, and India to reach West Asia.
Soft-power advocates are forcefully making the case that restoring America’s image abroad is essential to rejuvenating Washington’s global leadership. They also maintain the country’s hard-power advantages are less relevant. These are assumptions worth questioning.
In the year 2040, there was a peace previously unknown in the world. Each and every nation was content; there were no wars. This peace was not the product of globalization or democratization or new and creative international institutions.
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